What does the term "dependent variable" signify in regression analysis?

In regression analysis, the term "dependent variable" signifies the outcome or response variable that researchers aim to predict or explain based on the values of one or more independent variables. The dependent variable is affected by changes in the independent variables, and understanding its behavior is often the primary focus of the analysis.

For example, if a researcher is studying how study hours (independent variable) affect exam scores (dependent variable), the exam score is the outcome being predicted. The dependent variable is crucial because it provides insight into the relationship between various factors in a dataset and allows for forecasting and making data-driven decisions.

Choosing this option correctly identifies the role of the dependent variable within the context of regression analysis, demonstrating the foundational concept that underpins much of statistical modeling and data interpretation.